where to find ni ihau shells on kauai

Please log in again. Sellers looking to grow their business and reach more interested buyers can use Etsys advertising platform to promote their items. I talked with her for a bit - very interesting. (sunrise shells are sold for quite a bit) . Privacy Policy | Terms of Service, Emperors Emporium has the largest selection of island-inspired jewelry, clothing and Red Dirt shirts, gifts. Earrings are 14K french hooks. Inquire to see our sunrise or cowry collection and have one of these beauties made just for you. Its on the best shell beaches on Kauai. Niihau shell leis are one of the most prized souvenirs you can bring home from Hawaii; the queens and princesses of Hawaii are often depicted wearing leis made of the three different types of tiny, precious pupu o Niihau shells (source). It just means you don't get the fancy, multi-strand long lei. Its not a great swimming beach, theres lots of rocks and stones but theres also lots of pools because of that. I love it and consider it one of my most prized jewelry items. Certifiable Ni'ihau, Made on Kauai.   United States   |   English (US)   |   $ (USD). But the other end and in between, you may come across some finds. Don't expect to find the valuable tiny Niihau shells that comprised the jewelry of Hawaiian royalty - they only wash ashore on Niihau, the Forbidden Island. After logging in you can close it and return to this page. Find your treasure or have one made for you. Inquire to have photos sent to you of most current inventory since we often have incredible lei that are not yet posted online. Instead, there are plenty of venues in Kauai, Maui, Oahu, and the Big Island that offer authentic Niihau shell leis and jewelry. Though the nickname stuck, luckily visiting the island is no longer forbidden. Although most of the names given in this website are fairly standard among shell lei makers, the shells pictured here and the descriptive names were all supplied by Kanani, an experienced shell lei artisan. 00:00. Sunrise Shell Lei Kauai Kahelelani Shell Lei Hawaii Shells Beach Jewelry Eco-Friendly Collected Rare Shells Island Mermaid Sunrise Shell ad vertisement by KauaiShellsandMore. King Kamehameha IV sold it for $10,000 in 1863 to Elizabeth Sinclair of Scotland. http://new.photos.yahoo.com/[email protected]/album/576460762401505316. One of my favorite aspects of this art form is that living creatures are never taken for their shells. But if you are patient! Our famous Alice in Hulaland T-Shirts made on the softest T-shirts we can find and handmade Alice Dresses and Alice T-Shirt Cut-Ups only found in our store. Item# 16H01WR0250. Custom Shell Jewelry. bjbert--I tried the link you provided, but it tells me "something bad happened" and I can't get to the pics. We chose to finish these with 14K stunning Cypraea Helvolla Cowry hook and eye. Consistently earned 5-star reviews, shipped orders on time, and replied quickly to messages, Looks like you already have an account! Is it legal to collect shells in Hawaii? It's the Hawaiian way. Feel free to contact me via phone or email if you have any questions or are interested in designing a piece! With a Made in Hawaii selection of Aloha shirts and neckties for men, we offer something for everyone! Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: Detailed information can be found in Etsys Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy and our Privacy Policy. Matching earrings are 14K gold wire. Its easy to find pictures of Queen Kapiolani wearing beautiful multi-strand lei as jewelry. when you sign up for the 101 Things To Do email newsletter! Although, Poleho can be picked on Ni'ihau, our Poleho shells are. I started this site to share my travel stories and inspiration to help you complete bucket list trips. Item #198. When I first learned about the shells, the makers from Ni'ihau never used sunrise shells in their work, but it was more common on Kauai. A private island with a population of mostly pure Native Hawaiian descent, Ni'ihau has no rivers running into the ocean. The island was purchased almost 125 years ago by the Robinson family, who also own a large portion of Kauai. We bought my wife's lei at least a dozen years ago at the Lawai Hawaiian Trading Post. Finding a sunrise shell that way is just money. The colors here are Akala Pua Waipapipi (hot pink), O'mao O'mao (green), and Ele Ele (dark brown). You will see lots of "Ni'ihau" shell leis or bracelets from smaller crafters on the island, but usually they are the ones from down at (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? Apparently there used to be a dump there many years ago and this is where the glass came from. Ehu Kanahele is one of the best known and reputable and her little store "Ehu Kai" is now located at Port Allen (used to be in Waimea next to the Shrimp Factory) -- I HIGHLY recommend Ehu -- she is a true ambassador of aloha and her ohana is one of the most highly skilled lei makers. Passion-4-Fashion Hono Ohala Place, Kapaa . Hi Southerngirl: I was in (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? Inquire for wholesale pricing. of Niihaus history and surroundings. The only job available on Niihau is at the Robinson family ranch, where the majority of the population works raising cattle. Some Niihau shell leis have been known to be valued for up to $20,000. The art of lei-making from Ni'ihau shells is a very closely protected one -- the shells cannot be called "Ni'ihau" shells any longer unless they are actually collected on that island (this law was passed just last year I believe) -- since the kahelelani shells, momi shells and others are also found on other islands, this has been a big problem in the past -- the shells from Ni'ihau have a special luster which gives them that most rare distinction. To use our mobile site, please enable JavaScript. It's estimated that around 150 Native Hawaiians inhabit Niihau today. Mon-Sat 10:30am . Kapono Ni`ihau Shell Lei 2. Ni'ihau Helicopters Office Drive to Port Allen Airport Francesca. Legally, this term refers only to shells actually gathered on the shores of the Forbidden Island. Every piece you purchase from our Ni'ihau collection comes with the stringer's name and a detailed description of the shells on your lei and their Hawaiian names of color and shell. With powerful tools and services, along with expert support and education, we help creative entrepreneurs start, manage, and scale their businesses. Inquire for photos of different sets. In addition, the people from Niihau also grow their own fruits and vegetables. MauiPuaLani (26) $95.00 FREE shipping They are often collected by divers and sold for surprising amounts of cash ($30-$2000 a piece!) There are many books to learn about Niihau, but here are a few that tackle interesting topics. Ni'ihau probably formed first, since it is farthest west in the chain and volcanoes to the east are younger, but data indicating the exact onset times of the two volcanoes do not exist. magical! Today, there are only about 130 or so people living on the island where they still speak their own dialect of the Hawaiian language. . BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Without a doubt, Puana Hou Me Ke Aloha should be in any Hawaiian music fans collection. mammaI checked and I can pull the photos up. This bracelet features gorgeous shells with a modern design and is finished with a 14K Gold safety clasp. What a life! An ipu pwehe sitting amongst ipu vines. I did buy the gorgeous book Totally Hawaiian has on Niihau shell lei, which I highly recommend. $34.50, $69.00 When combined with kahelelani and sunrise shells, you can get stunning results! There are no cars, running water, or telephones on Ni'ihau. Length: 24" Materials: Kahelelani 'ele'ele (tiny dark red burgundy shells) kahelelani 'oma'oma 'o (tan tiny shells) Kahelelani 'akala pua (tiny pink shells) Puka shell (white end cap) momi ke'oke'o kua'ula (white shells) I also have purchased one from a shop at Kilhana (which I'm not sure is still there). I paid $20 for it and the gal down the walk "wired" it for me for $15! This gorgeous 3 strand kahelelani necklace in the poepoe style required over 1200 shells to complete.finished with a solid 18k clasp! This Hawaiian quarter, minted in 2008, shows Kamehameha I, the warrior king who united all of the Hawaiian islands, and also includes the State motto. This 5 strand lei features the rarest colors of kahelelani. the big truck a few feet from the water and a lady out front with a massive police type light that was lighting up the entire beach but definitely spotlighting the sand. They have a lot of "stuff" but you can tell the quality pieces and I've always found them to be honest in their discussion of their products. Item# 18L10Y0500. They are able to grow, find, and hunt whatever they might need on a day-to-day basis, but living in a very arid climate, the people of Ni'ihau still rely on resources from Kauai to survive. The people of Ni'ihau called . People get around on horseback, cook on kerosene stoves, and use outhouses. Traditionally worn at weddings but stunning for any occasion is this 10 strand Laiki or Rice shell lei measuring in at 36". This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. Hand crafted Kapono style Hawaiian Lei made of precious gem quality shells carefully collected on the Island of Ni`ihau Hawaii, known as the Forbidden Island. Let me know in the comments! The login page will open in a new tab. $112.50, $125.00 Ni'ihau is probably most famous for the Ni'ihau shell necklaces or lei, which are handcrafted on-island. :D. When it comes to Niihau souvenirs, Niihau shell leis are one of the most sought-after tokens. Mahalepu is my favorite South Shore beach; it has a wonderful hike on the north side above the ocean and some beautiful views and great shade in amongst the pine trees and shrubs. For experienced, certified scuba divers, Seasport Divers and Fathom Five Divers also visit Lehua. It is roughly 18.6 miles long and 6.2 miles wide. Niihau shell strands are suspended from stamped . Our main goal is to pair the right piece with it's soul mate. It is a bottlebrush- blossom. . 14K magnet closure is strong and connects to the bracelet for an extended necklace. Bracelet is burgundy or Ula Ula Kahelelani sewn with momi shells in the heliconia fashion. However, the term generally refers to three different shells that are commonly used to make Niihau shell lei:kahelelani,momi, andliki, as well as a fourth one,kmoa, which is frequently used to add contrasting color. Honolulu Academy of Arts Gift Shop, Honolulu, Havaiki Oceanic and Tribal Art Gallery, Hanalei, JJ Ohana, HanappKauai Museum Gift Shop, Lhue, Maui Hands, Kanapali, Lahaina, Pia, or Makawao. Each lei can take up to six months to complete. If we were to buy again I'm not sure where we would look first. Niihau shell, Heliconia dangle earrings made with vintage, momi ke'oke'o (pure white) shells and Kauai Kahelelani. I've saved some excellent information from this forum, thanks to those of you with experience! Taro K Chip Factory The bestand freshesttaro chips in the state, period. Article Sources ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-59045746', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');Maui. 2. The island lacks basic municipal infrastructure. Using a combination of beautiful Ni'ihau shells and Grade A Tahitian pearls, this longer lei is definitely a showstopper. (SD1). Because these shells have a variety of colors and markings, Niihau artisans use descriptive terms to differentiate them. It . With large 7-10mm A grade Tahitian pearls this represents a certifiable Niihau shell lei with the fashionable compliment of pearls. Do you mind if I ask how much the Nihau leis cost? The Bracelet is an optional extension to the lei or can be worn around the wrist for a flat and delicate compliment to the necklace. In this post, I promote travel to a destination that is the traditional lands of the K Hawaii Paeina (Hawaiian Kingdom) people. ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-59044001', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');Kauai, nor Oahu, but I bought mine at Maui Hands in Paia as I wanted to make certain to get an authentic Niihau shell lei. Finish is a granulated cowry in traditional Ni'ihau fashion. We did receive a letter of authenticity, but it has long since been lost. And those were expensive at Maui Hands as well, but I felt the prices overall were a tad better. Anyway, your opinions matter to me! ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-59049737', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');Maui, and had done a little research, and you are right, it is a big decision and one needs to know a bit about what to look for, much like diamond shopping. Puana Hou Me Ke Aloha by the Mkaha Sons of Niihau is full of traditional Hawaiian tunes. Located 17 miles off the west coast of Kauai lies the island of Ni'ihau, better known as The Forbidden Isle. Wait time on a lei of this style is between 3 and 6 weeks generally. In addition is a description and history of the craft with leimakers name and an artist statement. Alternatively, you may use, The Westin Princeville Ocean Resort Villas. The bracelet is an optional extension to the lei. Be aware not all shells are Ni'ihau shells. For generations, the people of Ni'ihau have been collecting, matching and stringing these tiny, lustrous shells. I'm also asking on the (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? Kapono Ni`ihau Shell Lei 1. You can dress long in the flapper fashion, short as a choker, or as a waistband beach accessory. Kauai. I've bought from him at SH. While you can find these rare shells on the shores of the Forbidden Island only, you wont be able to travel and find these souvenirs in Niihau. beautiful shells and lovely work indeed. "Ikigai" Wrap Pants - Tattoo in Teal Tiare Lotus & Lime $49.95. Just the lei is $800 but earrings and bracelet be sold in addition as a full set for $1200. The kahelelani poe poe blend has all the colors represented in a symmetrical match of width and length. Niihau Island, known as the "Forbidden Island," is one of the most mysterious of all the Hawaiian Islands, with a unique history and long-standing independence. Choose the options youd like for the order. The songs in this CD will transport you to Hawaiian soil, with the sound of waves of Waikiki and the breathtaking sunrise at Haleakala. This set is a feature of Ula Ula Burgundy shell accents in a strong base of Pikake strung Momi shells. They are lovely and much less expensive than the real thing, but just be aware of what they are and what they aren't. Comes with Certificate of Authenticity, Bill of sale with detailed information on your lei. Still, Coffee lovers wont find a better way to sip their morning coffee than this Niihau coffee mug. Required fields are marked *. I will email the photos to you if you don't mind publishing your email address here. Captcha failed to load. Poe Poe SSG Pearl Lei strung expertly by a master designer. English translations of these names, used when describing a lei to someone who is not a speaker of Hawaiian, may also vary and include a variety of colorful descriptions such as butterscotch and hot pink.. The author has first-hand experience (she visited the island twice!) Very nice and striking colors in this lei. The color and size matching, plus the graduated thickness of the lei is really superb. Each earring is unique as there will only be one available at a time. Went to the vendor at SH and what a beautiful display! I have found many different shells at Larsens but the gifts of the shells fade into the background compared to the peace and joy of just sitting and sifting or walking along Kaakaaniu beach. What makes Ni'ihau so mystifying is that life here has remained mostly frozen in time. If you are a history buff or have someone back home who is, Beekmans book is one of the best Niihau gifts. "Ikigai" Wrap Pants - Bird of Paradise in Cream/Navy Lotus & Lime $49.95. For most of the state's residents, that's the only way to see the island of Niihau. It is certifiable with 85% Niihau Shells and features a sunrise shell Centerpiece and sterling silver adjustable length clasp. It's known as "The Forbidden Island" in Hawaii, and the nickname isn't an exaggeration. Item #195, Ni'ihau Designer Tahitian Pearl Bracelet sewn with high quality Akala Pua Kahelelani and A Grade Tahitian Pearls. "Ikigai" Wrap Pants - Tattoo in Black/Bronze Lotus & Lime $49.95. Original Price $125.00 The finish is a large filigree pearl clasp and the balance of colors graduating from pink to burgundy to dark brown provide a great aesthetic while complimenting the marriage of shell and pearl. Located on the island of 'Oahu, w e sale primarily at craft fairs, public events, and fundraising events. Your email address will not be published. This will differ depending on what options are available for the item. Yikes! Within a couple of weeks of arriving on Kauai 19 years ago, a lovely woman told me about this beach, which very soon became (and still is) my favorite beach on Kauai. Hawaiian is their first language, English is second. Ni'ihau is the westernmost inhabited island in Hawaii. big store at the corner of Lawaii Road and 580. A lot depends on the shells, the pattern and how skilled the maker was. Barbara and 22kauai - thanks for Spouting Horn, it's now on the list! My blog posts likely contain affiliate links, including for the Amazon Associates program.If you click, book, or buy from one of these links, I may earn a commission. See more ideas about niihau shells, niihau, shells. Finally, The Niihau Incident: The True Story by Allan Beekman gives detailed insight into how the plane crash of a Japanese fighter pilot on Niihau became one of the darkest episodes of the islands history. While many of the items on Etsy are handmade, youll also find craft supplies, digital items, and more. Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. Want to know more? (c) Any product or jewelry item that consists of at least eighty per cent Niihau shells, by count, and that meets the requirement of subsection (b)(2), may be described, labeled, or identified using the term "contains", followed immediately by the nearest whole number representing the percentage of Niihau shells, by count, contained in the product or jewelry item, followed by the term, "% Niihau shells" or "% Niihau shells".". We currently specialize in Ni'ihau shell lei, Seed lei, and Lauhala Weaving. Original Price $1,800.00 Our global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods. Aloha. Answer 11 of 14: Are there any beaches where visitors can find the beautiful Sunrise shells? Thats a business and I understand people need to feed their families but it takes the magic out of it. You might want to stop at the Trading Post out on the highway just to see the varieties. They are valued like a one-of-a-kind diamond necklace. Any pieces shown here for sale may be slightly different and can be customized to your specifications. These are kahelelani. Mine was handed down to me, so I can't help much eithersorry! (b) Except as provided herein, no person shall offer, display, expose for sale, or solicit for sale any product or jewelry item fabricated, processed, or manufactured with seashells, that is described, labeled, or identified using the term "Niihau" or "Niihau", either alone or in conjunction with other words, or in a trade or brand name, unless: (1) One hundred per cent of all shells in the product or jewelry item are Niihau shells; and. So there we were asleep and suddenly we were rudely awakened by the sound of an engine revving and bright, bright lights below at the shoreline. Kahelelani shells/Niihau - . Im also a not-so-secret space nerd and speak fluent emoji! You've already signed up for some newsletters, but you haven't confirmed your address. The stretch of beaches from Wailua to Kapa'a encompasses quite a few beaches including the big family beach - Lydgate - and the beach behind the Lanikai Resort and the one in front of the newest (even though it's a couple of years old now!) For generations, the people of Niihau have been collecting, matching and stringing these tiny, lustrous shells. While you can find these rare shells on the shores of the Forbidden Island only, you won't be able to travel and find these souvenirs in Ni'ihau. This delicate looking 18" lei is comprised of laiki shells and akala colored kahelelani shells. This pretty set is sewn crownflower fashion and is a great piece for casual or formal wear. Remembering you arent in Hawaii anymore as soon as you wake, isnt exactly appealing. Most of the tiny shells used are all three species: kahelelani, momi, and laiki. This completely unique strand is incredibly long and features 3 different styles of sewing Kahelelani and Momi. While you are shelling, you may reflect on the beach where the old classic movie South Pacific was filmed and Mitzi Gaynor singing gonna wash that man right out of my hair!. Length and clasp can be adjustable. It features a delicate design with sea turtles, known as honu in Hawaiian. The Shell above is not a sunrise shell, though it looks similar. With such a fascinating history, anyone would love to learn about Niihaus culture, the settlers, and how it came to be such a secluded place. Please check your email for a link to verify your email address. Niihau Shell Leis are alo available at Totally Hawaiian in the Whalers Village Shopping Center , Kaanapali , Maui Mahalo nui loa Malama pono i malama kekahi i kekahi Barbara, Thanks for the tip, Barbara! They get food from the ranch as well. They soon became popular among high society southern ladies and became a staple of pearl and jewelry styles. I would like toknow where to look. $450.00, $600.00 Ha'aheo, Hawaiian Crafts. The island has mysteriously been "protected" from outsiders since the 1800s. a great shell beach on Kauai! DonsBambooArt $10,000.00 FREE shipping 7 1/2 inches Niihau momi shell bracelet with kahelelani shells from Hawaii DuangchindaOfHawaii (164) $175.00 Handmade Genuine Ni'ihau shell dangle earrings, Kipona style, Aesthetic jewelry # 137. Good news! Pamela Dow, a Kekaha retailer of the jewelry, hopes to elevate the art form to . Answer 11 of 14: Are there any beaches where visitors can find the beautiful Sunrise shells? (25% off), Sale Price $34.50 I love it and consider it one of my most prized jewelry items. From handmade pieces to vintage treasures ready to be loved again, Etsy is the global marketplace for unique and creative goods. We also created 2.6 million jobs in the U.S.enough to employ the entire city of Houston, TX! This bracelet is my favorite accessory to wear and a best seller for budding enthusiasts. The stringing and quality of finish are incredible. Ni'ihau shell leimaking is a traditional native Hawaiian art form that produces a highly-treasured form of jewelry. Shipping policies vary, but many of our sellers offer free shipping when you purchase from them. While the off-whitemomishell is extremely common and easy to find, hot-pink and blackkahelelaniare very rare, so a lei which includes these shells will be priced significantly higher than a similar lei made with shells of colors which are readily available. For each, is a person who will love and treasure it. Typically, orders of $35 USD or more (within the same shop) qualify for free standard shipping from participating Etsy sellers. They are also the most difficult to collect in usable quantities. Thanks in advance for your replies. Here are the official colors and flowers of Hawaiian islands from the bottom to the top, Hawaii to Ni'ihau. Once we receive an email from you, we will respond in a detailed and timely manner. I had looked at Totally Hawaiian at Whalers Village, among other places, and they did have a pretty big selection, and some really gorgeous shell lei, but yikes! Ni'ihau Designer Tahitian Pearl Bracelet sewn with high quality Akala Pua Kahelelani and A Grade Tahitian Pearls. This includes both online and at gift shops across Hawaii. This stunning set can come in any color or style in varied lengths. Now I'm sharing that information here. Certifiable Ni'ihau, Made on Kauai. Any items in this set can be sold separately. Chapter 486, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "486- Niihau shells; representing content. However, the term generally refers to three different shells that are commonly used to make Ni'ihau shell lei: kahelelani , momi, and liki, as well as a fourth one, kmoa, which is frequently used to add contrasting color. My latest one was purchased from a Spouting Horn vendor and it came with a certificate of authenticity. Original Price $299.99 Well, it's not Kauai, nor Oahu, but I bought mine at Maui Hands in Paia as I wanted to make certain to get an authentic Niihau shell lei. These earrings will be a limited stock, so get yours today. $1,350.00, $1,800.00 Both 14K yellow gold hooks and sterling silver are available. This piece is 24" and is one of the most treasured favorites in our collection. Most of us refrain from buying books as souvenirs unless the person is a bookworm. This is a museum quality piece made from several seasons of picking shells. These tiny, gorgeous shells wash up on the island of Ni'ihau, which is inaccessible to the public. The island of Niihau encompasses 70 square miles and it is located 18 miles northwest of Kauai. Please. Things go up from there. As she said best shell beach on the island. Item #196 Length8 inches Value$1,200 [ made to order ] Inquire Less than a mile up the Waimea Canyon Drive between mile markers 13 and 14 is the large Pu'u Hinahina Lookout. I am trying to think what "bad" could be. Earwires are 14K French Hooks. Its only accessible by driving 20 mins down a dirt track (past the Hyatt and CJM stables.. go to the end, turn right and keep going). Kahelelani are the tiniest and most prized of the shells used to create Hawaiian shell leis. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. You'll also usually pay more for a traditional cowry clasp than for a gold one. Original Price $90.00 To learn more about the peoples who call these lands home, I invite you to exploreNative Land. All words and images 2013-2023 The Kolibro Group LLC. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. Kauai has some outstandingly beautiful beaches; these are just some of the best shell beaches on Kauai! Shells are generally identified by first indicating the kind of shell, such askahelelani,momi,liki, etc., and then adding any qualifying terms, usually relating to color. With all the beauty of nature~, Hi there, thanks for the comment. Shelling at Larsens is a wonderful experience. What was your favorite or best purchase in Hawaii? To make some money from the outside world, locals rely heavily on the tiny Ni'ihauan shell, scattered along the beaches of this small island. -Ni'ihau Shells- Glowing like pearls, the garlands are made of the most precious and almost priceless shell in the world: Pupu O Ni'ihau. Kauai, with its close proximity to Niihau, has an abundant choice of these UNUSUAL AND HANDCRAFTED shell lei. Another practical souvenir, this printed towel shows the Hawaiian Islands in a vintage-style map. When combined with kahelelani, momi, and kamoa, the variations are endless. The physic Learn more. They have some beautiful pieces. We happily supply curated items to galleries with educational materials. And be especially careful up on the rocks on the north end of the beach. We've sent you an email to confirm your subscription. Sunnys grow in deep water and rarely wash to the shore. The art of Ni'ihau shell lei making is a precious cultural gift -- if you own a lei you can tell people who made it, where the shells were collected, what types of shells, and the generations of the family that made it passing down this knowledge makes this a true treasure.

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