list of guards at nuremberg trials

[130] The defense presented evidence of Soviet responsibility,[131] and Katyn was not mentioned in the verdict. I would like any information that would lead me to a more detailed understanding of what my father did while part of this undertaking. [119] Unlike the British and American prosecution strategy, which focused on using German documents to make their case, the French prosecutors took the perspective of the victims, submitting postwar police reports and calling eleven witnesses. Among those brought to trial were. Stahmer fought hard for his clie. Where they lived. [114], In mid-December the Americans switched to presenting the case against the indicted organizations, while in January both the British and Americans presented evidence against individual defendants. [136][137] The Soviet prosecution case was generally well received and presented compelling evidence about the suffering of the Soviet people and the Soviet contribution to victory. Courtesy Emily Aho Around Memorial Day of 2000, Emily Aho took her then 75-year-old father, Emilio "Leo". He just celebrated his 93 birthday, and is smart and caring as he has always been. [144] Most defendants argued their own insignificance within the Nazi system, but Gring took the opposite approach, presenting himself as Hitler's loyalist and expecting that while he would be executed, the German people would eventually appreciate his loyalty. American guards ate in separate, enlisted mess halls and slept in segregated, barracks-like rooms, six to a room. [182] Nikichenko released a dissent approved by Moscow that rejected all the acquittals, called for a death sentence for Hess, and convicted all the organizations. The United States and United Kingdom refused to endorse this proposal, citing the failure of war crimes prosecutions after World War I. One spoon has a carving of a skeleton key on its handle, the other an engraving of N 19 P. I could never determine the significance of the latter carving. US guards at the Nuremberg Trials We needled him by saying his girls wanted to abandon the Fatherland, marry Americans, and emigrate to the United States.. Again, without a word being spoken, the door was slammed shut. [99] According to historian Kim Christian Priemel, the conspiracy charge "invited apologetic interpretations: narratives of absolute, totalitarian dictatorship, run by society's lunatic fringe, of which the Germans had been the first victims rather than agents, collaborators, and fellow travellers". Streicher, sentenced to death, was perhaps the most despised prisoner of all due to his complete obsession with sex. I had a chance to meet Mr. Christian Delage at a workshop on the . Nuremberg was first and foremost theater to lay bare the crimes of the Nazi regime for the general public, and symbolically prosecute one leading member of the regime for a particular segment (the Army, the Navy, the SS, the Ministry of Propaganda etc). [79] Initially, the Americans had planned to try fourteen organizations and their leaders, but this was narrowed to six: the Reich Cabinet, the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, the Gestapo, the SA, the SS and the SD, and the General Staff and High Command of the Wehrmacht. The Chaplain at Nuremberg - The Text Message The tribunal was given the authority to find any individual guilty of the commission of war crimes (counts 13 listed above) and to declare any group or organization to be criminal in character. Their trial was held before an International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg, Germany. Schacht had been imprisoned in July 1944, under suspicion of being part of an assassination conspiracy against Hitler. [212], The German churches, both Catholic and Protestant, were vociferous proponents of amnesty,[213] which had cross-party support in West Germany, which was established in 1949. Staff Sgt. [100], On 21 November, Jackson gave the opening speech for the prosecution. My mother gave the journal to my oldest brother who died in 1998. [204] In the United Kingdom, although a variety of responses were reported, it was difficult to sustain interest in a long trial. Ten condemned Nazi ringleaders died on the gallows in the Nuernberg jail early today but Herman Goering, Adolf . Front row, from left to right: Hermann Gring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Julius Streicher, Walther Funk, Hjalmar Schacht. [169][170] The judges did not agree that the conspiracy extended to anyone who participated in the affairs of the Nazi government, only taking being present at the high-level meetings discussing war plans in 1937 and 1939 as evidence of belonging to the conspiracy. He was good, real sharp, Prestianni related. These visits usually were brief, and participants were separated by a screen. Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded many countries across Europe, inflicting 27 million deaths in the Soviet Union alone. John C. Woods, hangman at Nuremberg Anyone else might have been embarrassed about botching such a high-level execution. [80][81] The aim was to have these organizations declared criminal, so that their members could be tried expeditiously for membership in a criminal organization. Frick was rather taciturn, not given to talking. Koch was later tried at Buchenwald and sentenced to life imprisonment. Streicher, for reasons never made known, was photographed clothed and then naked and again in death. 10 issued by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. [43] The United States prosecution believed that Nazism was the product of a German deviation from Western history (the Sonderweg thesis) and sought to correct this deviation with a trial that would serve both retributive and educational purposes. The trial, which had lasted nearly 10. [185] Twelve military trials were convened solely by the United States in the same courtroom that had hosted the International Military Tribunal. All of those with whom I came in contact spoke flawless English, he remembered. Updates? You can contact me via email at [email protected]. Nuremberg, Germany, November 1945. --. Read about WWII here. 3 Feb 1946. Long live Germany.. With the possible exception of Speer, none of them could rationalize that they, as individuals, had ever done anything morally wrong for the Fatherland. [20][21] The offenses that would be prosecuted were crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Prestianni said of von Neurath, He looked like the movie version of a Prussian general with his mop of white hair and erect bearing. Despite this precaution, such limited, semiamicable relationships did exist. Corrections? The trials were not fair, though not in the way you are suggesting. The Nuremberg Trials After the war, the top surviving German leaders were tried for Nazi Germany's crimes, including the crimes of the Holocaust. He died about five years ago and I wished I would have asked questions. Until the end of the negotiations, it was not clear that any trial would be held at all, due to acrimonious disputes over fundamental matters; the American delegation threatened to walk out. [19], The Nuremberg Charter upended the traditional view of international law by holding individuals, rather than states, responsible for breaches of international law. He was able to get to get the Hitler peoples autographs. Alexandru Nicolin on LinkedIn: Waffen-SS Soldiers Guarded the Nuremberg [87][149] United States admiral Chester Nimitz testified that the United States had used the same methods of submarine warfare that the German admirals were accused of; Dnitz's counsel successfully argued that this meant that such actions could not be crimes. [22][23] War crimes already existed in international law as criminal violations of the laws and customs of war. [201], At the same time as the Nuremberg Charter was finalized, the Allies also signed the Potsdam Agreement, which provided for the mass expulsion of millions of Germans from central and eastern Europe, so that certain acts for which Nazis were convicted at Nuremberg were therefore made an official policy of the Allies. At least 30,000 women died here. Also represented were some leaders of the German economy, such as Gustav Krupp (of the conglomerate Krupp AG) and former Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht.[2]. . Some passively resigned themselves to their futures while others fought it off and never fully accepted their fates. [44] As the numerically strongest delegation, it would take on the bulk of the prosecutorial effort. list of guards at nuremberg trialsdelpark homes sutton list of guards at nuremberg trials. Procurement is quick and merely requires an . Postal Service. [103], Much of the American case focused on the development of the Nazi conspiracy before the outbreak of war. Number 6 was Walther Funk, former minister of economics, and Number 7 was Rudolf Hess, once Hitlers private secretary and deputy fhrer. On October 1, 1946, the International Military Tribunal handed down its verdicts in the trials of 22 Nazi leaders - eleven were given the death penalty, three were acquitted, three were given life imprisonment and four were given imprisonment ranging from 10 to 20 years. Neurath, after serving eight years of his 15-year sentence, was spirited away in clandestine fashion, without fanfare, and mysteriously set free in the dead of night on November 6, 1954, because of an alleged eye ailment. He had been instrumental in establishing a totalitarian state. [146][148] Six defendants were charged with the German invasion of Norway, and their lawyers argued that this invasion was undertaken to prevent a British invasion; a cover-up prevented the defense from capitalizing on this argument. She kept a scrapbook which had photos of her group and many signatures of court officials and army officers commending them for their service. [18], At the London Conference, held from 26 June to 2 August 1945, representatives of France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States negotiated the exact form that the trial would take. Other prisoners were outspoken in their condemnation of Hess as a traitor to the Fatherland when he flew to England in May 1941, ostensibly to arrange a peace between Hitlers Germany and Great Britain. Waffen-SS Soldiers Guarded the Nuremberg Trials - VikingLifeBlog The only part of the French charges that were accepted by the judges was the deportation of Jews from France and other parts of Western Europe. [49][48] The French government tried to appoint staff who were not tainted by collaboration with the Vichy regime; some appointments were of those who had been in the French resistance. My father was an MP at The Nuremberg Trails. Speer spent much of his time drawing exquisite pencil sketches ranging from landscapes to magnificent buildings to quaint German villages. Other Units at Nuremberg were The US Constabulary, the 793rd MP . Waffen-SS Soldiers Guard the Nuremberg Trials At least Im out here and you are in there, said the former guard. Prominent banker and economist. Nuremberg Trials patch ? - ARMY AND USAAF - U.S. Militaria Forum There was no physical contact, and all conversation via microphone was closely monitored by a guard standing behind each prisoner. . Raeder was sentenced to life imprisonment but was released for poor health on September 26, 1955. Master Sgt. Seven others, over time, were reduced by lengthy prison sentences to hollow, shuffling shadows of their former selves. Prestianni said that during his guard duties he tried to adhere to his fathers advice. The Nazi Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg How The Nuremberg Trials Attempted To Punish The Nazis For The The tribunal consisted of a member plus an alternate selected by each of the four signatory countries. The small letters, tav, shin, and zayin in the list of Haman's ten sons (Esther 9), with the combined numerical value of 707, are seen as a "prophetic" code hinting to the future hanging of the ten Nazis convicted at the Nuremberg trials in the year 5707, which Julius Streicher declared as "Purimfest 1946" before he was hanged. [88], The charter allowed the admissibility of any evidence deemed to have probative value, including depositions. The food, prepared in an American-staffed kitchen, offered identical German menus for each prisoner. Q. [125], More so than other delegations, Soviet prosecutors showed the gruesome details of German mistreatment of prisoners of war and forced laborers, as well as the systematic murder of Jews in eastern Europe. The prisons concrete walls, most of which were more than three feet thick, encased the solitary cell window that offered the prisoners no view of the outside world. 125. Before his execution, he aligned himself with Jodl and, to a lesser extent, Raeder and Dnitz, the military clique. Outside the cellblock complex, a small courtyard with a few scraggly pear trees allowed each prisoner the opportunity to walk for 20 minutes each day. Whenever these female prisoners, most of whom were former concentration camp guards, created a problem, we merely, as instructed, called the sergeant-of-the-guard to resolve the situation. [1] Most of the defendants were also charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. The defendants included some of the most famous Nazis, including Hermann Gring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and Wilhelm Keitel. Also represented were some leaders of the German economy, such as Gustav Krupp (of the conglomerate Krupp AG) and former Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht. Trial issues are criminal activities or subjects at issue in a trial that are addressed by a document. However, some Russian guards who had perhaps the best reason to want to harshly punish the former German leaders in retaliation for previous atrocities and other crimes committed in the Soviet Union, were friendly and, even in some cases, considerate of the prisoners and American personnel.. Brush with infamy: Mercer man, 95, oversaw guards at Nuremberg trials Former field marshal Keitel, another prisoner who was eventually executed, gradually alienated himself from the other prisoners. One can only imagine the effect the pounding had on the condemned prisoners, now with only one more day to live. There were limits to how much gore that could be tolerated by some of the courtroom guards, he recalled. He held the rank of seargent when he was discharged in 1945. Thank you so much for your time and I am looking forward to getting into many discussions. My father Paul Davis Smith served at a guard at Nuremberg though he never really talked much about it so I dont know in what capacity. [41][42], The United States' chief prosecutor was Supreme Court justice Robert H. The 3rd Battalion of the 26th Infantry Reg., "Blue Spaders," of the 1st Infantry Division were chosen to secure the historic Nuremberg War Crimes Trials.

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